Research Papers

Way Forward for BSNL to Advanced Technologies through the Indigenous 4G Ecosystem

Telecom Policy, Insights, Technology & Society /

Strategic Choices for 5G, 5G-Advanced and 6G Introduction India’s indigenous 4G programme has reached a significant stage. What began as an effort to create a domestic alternative to foreign telecom equipment has now evolved into a functioning ecosystem involving C-DOT, TCS, Tejas Networks and other Indian partners. BSNL is deploying one lakh indigenous 4G sites

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C-DOT AND INDIA’S TELECOM TECHNOLOGY AMBITION: Institutional Reform for Indigenous 6G Capability

Telecom & Spectrum, Research Papers, Telecom Policy /

Research Paper, September 2026 Based on C-DOT Annual Reports FY2023–24 and FY2024–25,and International Benchmarking. Executive Summary This report examines whether India’s telecom innovation ambitions, including indigenous 6G capability, can realistically be achieved through C-DOT under its present institutional architecture. The study began with original hypothesis that a significant institutional gap exists between C-DOT and leading

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Pages: 1 2 3 4

Beyond Spectrum Preparedness: Integrating India’s 6G Spectrum Roadmap with a National 6G Deployment Framework

Insights, Research Papers, Spectrum Policy, Technology & Society /

1. Introduction The evolution of mobile communication has historically been characterised by successive generations of technological innovation, each responding to emerging societal and industrial demands. While the first generation (1G) introduced analogue mobile voice services, the transition to second-generation (2G) systems enabled digital voice communication and text messaging. Third-generation (3G) networks extended mobile connectivity to

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Walking Through a Paradox: Is Kerala Safer for Pedestrians Than the Numbers Suggest?

Governance Analytics, Research Papers /

Every day, millions of Indians begin and end their journeys on foot. Children walk to schools, workers make their way to bus stops and railway stations, senior citizens take their morning walks, and shoppers weave through busy market streets. Walking is the oldest, simplest and most inclusive mode of transport. Yet, it is also the

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The Cost of an Evening: Labour Wages, Leisure Affordability and Service Costs in Kerala – A Comparative Study

Governance Analytics, Research Papers /

Executive Summary Kerala has long been regarded as an economic paradox within India. The state records some of the country’s highest labour wages while simultaneously imposing one of the highest tax burdens on alcoholic beverages. This has given rise to a widely held public perception that Kerala’s expensive liquor compels workers to demand higher wages,

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Short-Run Revenue and GVA Dynamics in India’s Telecom Sector: An Econometric Assessment (2019–2025)

Telecom Economics /

Abstract This paper analyses the determinants of telecom sector performance in India over the period 2019–2025, focusing on both Telecom Gross Revenue and Telecom Gross Value Added (GVA). Using quarterly data from regulatory, government, and industry sources, the study applies time-series econometric techniques designed to address non-stationarity, multicollinearity, and small-sample constraints. In the absence of

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