There is something almost paradoxical about Finland. Geographically, it sits in the far north of Europe, close to the Arctic Circle. Much of the year is cold, dark and austere. Winter can bring long periods of limited daylight, while summer reverses the experience with extraordinarily long days. To someone accustomed to the warmth, colour and
The 4400–4800 MHz band is emerging as an important candidate for future IMT-2030/6G deployment. Under WRC-27 Agenda Item 1.7, ITU-R is studying the possibility of identifying all or parts of 4400–4800 MHz for IMT in Regions 1 and 3, while protecting existing primary services and adjacent-band operations. For India, the band assumes particular significance because
4.5 GHz Upper-Mid-Band: India’s strategic opportunity and the Emerging WRC-27 Scenario Read More »
India’s tax collections have undergone a remarkable transformation over the past few years. Two developments stand out. First, personal or non-corporate income-tax collections have overtaken corporate tax collections. Second, Goods and Services Tax (GST) collections have grown substantially. At first sight, these trends may suggest a simple conclusion: individuals are increasingly carrying a larger share
Strategic Choices for 5G, 5G-Advanced and 6G Introduction India’s indigenous 4G programme has reached a significant stage. What began as an effort to create a domestic alternative to foreign telecom equipment has now evolved into a functioning ecosystem involving C-DOT, TCS, Tejas Networks and other Indian partners. BSNL is deploying one lakh indigenous 4G sites
Way Forward for BSNL to Advanced Technologies through the Indigenous 4G Ecosystem Read More »
Delhi is a city of extraordinary contradictions. It has magnificent monuments, world-class infrastructure, a sophisticated Metro, leafy avenues, sprawling parks and an extraordinary cultural heritage. It hosts diplomats, politicians, businessmen, tourists and people from almost every corner of India. And yet, somewhere between the flyovers and the footpaths, the Metro stations and the markets, the
Cultural Chaos in Delhi: Mind the Gap Read More »
Research Paper, September 2026 Based on C-DOT Annual Reports FY2023–24 and FY2024–25,and International Benchmarking. Executive Summary This report examines whether India’s telecom innovation ambitions, including indigenous 6G capability, can realistically be achieved through C-DOT under its present institutional architecture. The study began with original hypothesis that a significant institutional gap exists between C-DOT and leading
1. Introduction The evolution of mobile communication has historically been characterised by successive generations of technological innovation, each responding to emerging societal and industrial demands. While the first generation (1G) introduced analogue mobile voice services, the transition to second-generation (2G) systems enabled digital voice communication and text messaging. Third-generation (3G) networks extended mobile connectivity to
Every Number Doesn’t Tell the Same Story Every day, millions of Indians begin and end their journeys on foot. Walking is the oldest, simplest and most inclusive mode of transport, yet it remains the most vulnerable. Discussions on road safety therefore often focus on a single question: How many pedestrians died? Kerala, however, presents a
Walking Through a Paradox: Is Kerala Safer for Pedestrians Than the Numbers Suggest? Read More »
Every day, millions of Indians begin and end their journeys on foot. Children walk to schools, workers make their way to bus stops and railway stations, senior citizens take their morning walks, and shoppers weave through busy market streets. Walking is the oldest, simplest and most inclusive mode of transport. Yet, it is also the
Walking Through a Paradox: Is Kerala Safer for Pedestrians Than the Numbers Suggest? Read More »
Imagine a day when every mobile tower around you stops working. The internet disappears. WhatsApp, mobile calls, GPS and social media all go silent. Yet one person in your neighbourhood continues talking effortlessly to people hundreds—or even thousands—of kilometres away using nothing more than a small radio, a battery and a simple wire antenna. That
HAM Radio: The Most Powerful Communication Tool, You Never Knew You Could Own Read More »
